{"id":3372,"date":"2022-07-28T15:52:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T12:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/?p=3372"},"modified":"2024-04-18T15:14:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T12:14:19","slug":"%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/?p=3372","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1920 \u2013 2003\u0645)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062f. \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a<\/strong><sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1921\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003\u0645)(<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>). \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 -\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627- \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a 1921-1958\u0645.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) 1958-1963\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) 1963\u20131968\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b) 1968\u2013 2003\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a (\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648) \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e: (25\/ \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/1920\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1920\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1920\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0633) \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 (\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a (1921\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 23\/8\/1921\u0645<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 -\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629- \u0625\u0646: \"\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647\"<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a!<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a)<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn6\" id=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1920\u0645)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1923\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn7\" id=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1919\u0645) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 (1922\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1920\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1923\u0645)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a (\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1923\u0645) \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a (\u0622\u0628 1924\u0645). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn8\" id=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn9\" id=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1939\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 (400) \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u064a\u0641\u0646) \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a (14\/11\/1945\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0644\u061b \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a 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href=\"#_ftn22\" id=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\/4 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f) \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626. \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\"<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn34\" id=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4- \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 (\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a) \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1947\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn35\" id=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629: \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1946\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1946\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a (\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn36\" id=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6- \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1948\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn37\" id=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f): \"\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1948\u0645) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\"<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn38\" id=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 (1958\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;(1958-1963\u0645)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1958\u0645)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u0640 (\u062b\u0648\u0631\u062914 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn39\" id=\"_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646-\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633 (1941\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0621 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(\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a)<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn42\" id=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>\u061b \u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 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\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1964\u0645) \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 -\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627- \u0628\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn45\" id=\"_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3- \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (29\/ \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631-4\/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 1962\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn47\" id=\"_ftnref47\">[47]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5- \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn48\" id=\"_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;(1963\u20131968\u0645)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 (8 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1963\u0645)\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632) \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641) \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn49\" id=\"_ftnref49\">[49]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b: \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a (18\/11\/1963\u0645)\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1966\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn50\" id=\"_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1963\u0645) \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1964\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f (\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 (421) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn51\" id=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2- \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a: \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a (\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a (15\/9\/1964\u0645)\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn52\" id=\"_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3- \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a (12\/2\/1965\u0645)\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 (60) \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn53\" id=\"_ftnref53\">[53]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1967\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn54\" id=\"_ftnref54\">[54]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn55\" id=\"_ftnref55\">[55]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645 (338) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (242) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (1967\u0645)\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn56\" id=\"_ftnref56\">[56]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629- \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn57\" id=\"_ftnref57\">[57]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6- \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1964\u0645) \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn58\" id=\"_ftnref58\">[58]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 (1967\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a: \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn59\" id=\"_ftnref59\">[59]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1967\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646: \" \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 (1967\u0645)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\"<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn60\" id=\"_ftnref60\">[60]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;(1968-2003\u0645)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u200c\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u200c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a (17\/7\/1968\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1979\u0645) \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn61\" id=\"_ftnref61\">[61]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 (35) \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 (1968-1969\u0645) \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 (300) \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1969\u0645). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn62\" id=\"_ftnref62\">[62]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 (\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><\/li><li><a href=\"#_ftn63\" id=\"_ftnref63\">[63]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn64\" id=\"_ftnref64\">[64]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3- \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1982\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn65\" id=\"_ftnref65\">[65]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 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id=\"_ftnref66\">[66]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1982\u0645) \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7- \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 (25) \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0632\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 (50) \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn67\" id=\"_ftnref67\">[67]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8- \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9- \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn68\" id=\"_ftnref68\">[68]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10- \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1969\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn69\" id=\"_ftnref69\">[69]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (2001\u0645) <sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn70\" id=\"_ftnref70\">[70]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1990\u0645)<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn71\" id=\"_ftnref71\">[71]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1920\u0645) \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (1920\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 (\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0645 (23\/8\/1921\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1920\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1923\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1939\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a: (1928\u060c 1929\u060c 1933\u060c 1936\u060c 1939\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1929\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- \u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1947\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 (1947\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645 (15\/5\/1948\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>- <\/strong>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1967\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>- <\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 (1968-2003\u0645)\u061b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 (\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><\/li><li><\/li><li><\/li><li><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cutt.us\/UP04A\">https:\/\/cutt.us\/UP04A<\/a><\/li><li><\/li><li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/studies-and-research\/8577\/\">https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/studies-and-research\/8577\/<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 9\/7\/2021\u0645: &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/featured\/8740\/\">https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/featured\/8740\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 wp-block-embed-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"QWF3wWRys4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/studies-and-research\/8209\/\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 .. (1-4)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 .. (1-4)&#8221; &#8212; \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/studies-and-research\/8209\/embed\/#?secret=QWF3wWRys4\" data-secret=\"QWF3wWRys4\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><\/li><li><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><\/li><li><\/li><li><\/li><li><\/li><li>https:\/\/cutt.us\/R8yBa<\/li><li><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-azzaman wp-block-embed-azzaman\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.azzaman.com\/\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627-\u0633\u0642\u0637-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061f\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/\">https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/<\/a><\/li><li><\/li><li><\/li><li>https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=4321<\/li><li>2013\/07\/14 \u0645:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.almadasupplements.com\/view.php?cat=8005\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0637 1\u060c 2020\u0645.<\/li><li><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/wwi.lib.byu.edu\/index.php\/Treaty_of_Lausanne\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=9319\">https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=9319<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li><li><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\"><\/a>([1]) \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2]) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\"><\/a>([3]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a: 1\/45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\"><\/a>([4]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a: 279\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061b \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a 1920\u2013 1932\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0647\u0645\u064a: 39-92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\"><\/a>([5]) \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: 294.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\"><\/a>([6]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 10\u060c 2015\u0645: 116.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\"><\/a>([7]) \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\"><\/a>([8]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a: https:\/\/wwi.lib.byu.edu\/index.php\/Treaty_of_Lausanne<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\"><\/a>([9]) \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647: 25\/7902-7905.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\"><\/a>([10]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639: 15 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634: \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641: \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\"><\/a>([11]) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0660-\u0661\u0669\u0664\u0667\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: 952.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\"><\/a>([12]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: 940.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\"><\/a>([13]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0664\u0667-\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0660\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627: 965-966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\"><\/a>([14]) \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631: 1\/54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\"><\/a>([15]) \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1935 \u2013 1958\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641: 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\"><\/a>([16]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u0661\u0669\u0662\u0665-\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/\">https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\"><\/a>([17]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\"><\/a>([18]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u0661\u0669\u0662\u0665-\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/\">https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\"><\/a>([19]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\"><\/a>([20]) \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u0661\u0669\u0662\u0665-\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/\">https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8589\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\"><\/a>([21]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a 1925\u20131958\u061b \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0631\u064a: 2\/396-397.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" id=\"_ftn22\"><\/a>([22]) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1957 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 (11) \u0641\u064a 23\/12\/1958\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u064e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a: 2\/398.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" id=\"_ftn23\"><\/a>([23]) <a>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (1936-1939) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 34\u060c 1987\u0645: 53.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" id=\"_ftn24\"><\/a>([24]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" id=\"_ftn25\"><\/a>([25]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a: 125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" id=\"_ftn26\"><\/a>([26]) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 1948 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0628 48\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 10\/05\/2008:&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/cutt.us\/UP04A\">https:\/\/cutt.us\/UP04A<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" id=\"_ftn27\"><\/a>([27]) <a>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1941 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a<\/a>: 31-32\u060c 38-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" id=\"_ftn28\"><\/a>([28]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" id=\"_ftn29\"><\/a>([29]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: 15 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1948 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646: 41-44 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" id=\"_ftn30\"><\/a>([30]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" id=\"_ftn31\"><\/a>([31]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u0661\u0669\u0662\u0665-\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 wp-block-embed-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZWiGHHOqE4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8623\/\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u0661\u0669\u0662\u0665 \u2013 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u0661\u0669\u0662\u0665 \u2013 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; &#8212; \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/estimate-position\/8623\/embed\/#?secret=ZWiGHHOqE4\" data-secret=\"ZWiGHHOqE4\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" id=\"_ftn32\"><\/a>([32]) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a: 119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" id=\"_ftn33\"><\/a>([33]) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 1948 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0628 48:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/cutt.us\/UP04A\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" id=\"_ftn34\"><\/a>([34]) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 1948\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/cutt.us\/R8yBa\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" id=\"_ftn35\"><\/a>([35]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: 15 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1948 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c <a>\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: 104.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" id=\"_ftn36\"><\/a>([36]) <a>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a: 620-621.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" id=\"_ftn37\"><\/a>([37]) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f: 63.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" id=\"_ftn38\"><\/a>([38]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: 28-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" id=\"_ftn39\"><\/a>([39])<a> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646: 52\u060c 57\u060c 60\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0640\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0640\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0640\u0649 \u0639\u0640\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0666\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0640\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0640\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0640\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0640\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0665\u0645: 88-91.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" id=\"_ftn40\"><\/a>([40]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 13\/7\/2021\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-azzaman wp-block-embed-azzaman\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.azzaman.com\/\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627-\u0633\u0642\u0637-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061f\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" id=\"_ftn41\"><\/a>([41]) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f: 201.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" id=\"_ftn42\"><\/a>([42]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0641\u0627)\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=4321\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" id=\"_ftn43\"><\/a>([43]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=4321\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: 51-53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" id=\"_ftn44\"><\/a>([44]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: 53.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" id=\"_ftn45\"><\/a>([45]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: 28-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" id=\"_ftn46\"><\/a>([46]) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c2013\/07\/14 \u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.almadasupplements.com\/view.php?cat=8005\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" id=\"_ftn47\"><\/a>([47]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1921-1937\u0645)\u060c \u062f. \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: 188.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" id=\"_ftn48\"><\/a>([48]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a: 620-621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" id=\"_ftn49\"><\/a>([49]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f: 222.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" id=\"_ftn50\"><\/a>([50]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0640\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0640\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0640\u0649 \u0639\u0640\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0666: 106-107\u060c 130.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" id=\"_ftn51\"><\/a>([51]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f: 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" id=\"_ftn52\"><\/a>([52]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a (1921-1999):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/passia.org\/personalities\/7\">http:\/\/passia.org\/personalities\/7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" id=\"_ftn53\"><\/a>([53]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629:&nbsp; <a>https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=4321<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" id=\"_ftn54\"><\/a>([54]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1967\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 wp-block-embed-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IlDaQWPcgt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/featured\/8415\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646- \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648- 1967\u0645(4-4)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646- \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648- 1967\u0645(4-4)&#8221; &#8212; \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/featured\/8415\/embed\/#?secret=IlDaQWPcgt\" data-secret=\"IlDaQWPcgt\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" id=\"_ftn55\"><\/a>([55]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" id=\"_ftn56\"><\/a>([56]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 1973\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: 255.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" id=\"_ftn57\"><\/a>([57]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" id=\"_ftn58\"><\/a>([58]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: 65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" id=\"_ftn59\"><\/a>([59]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 13\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1972<\/a>\u0645: 90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" id=\"_ftn60\"><\/a>([60]) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: 63.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" id=\"_ftn61\"><\/a>([61]) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u062a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0640\u0640\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0661\u0669\u0661\u0664-\u0661\u0669\u0668\u0663\u060c \u0634\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062f\u0631: 427. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062f\u064a: 51-52.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" id=\"_ftn62\"><\/a>([62]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: <a>https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=4321<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" id=\"_ftn63\"><\/a>([63])<a> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 1973: 9-<\/a>10\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 11\/6\/2021\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 wp-block-embed-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PHI3wFGJMr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/studies-and-research\/8577\/\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)&#8221; &#8212; \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/studies-and-research\/8577\/embed\/#?secret=PHI3wFGJMr\" data-secret=\"PHI3wFGJMr\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" id=\"_ftn64\"><\/a>([64]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 1973: 9-10\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 9\/7\/2021\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 wp-block-embed-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ooWREtrZe8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/featured\/8740\/\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)&#8221; &#8212; \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/rasammerkezi.com\/featured\/8740\/embed\/#?secret=ooWREtrZe8\" data-secret=\"ooWREtrZe8\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" id=\"_ftn65\"><\/a>([65]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: (\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=9319\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" id=\"_ftn66\"><\/a>([66]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: 55-58.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" id=\"_ftn67\"><\/a>([67]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0624\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a: 26-27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" id=\"_ftn68\"><\/a>([68]) <a>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: <\/a>57\u060c 65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref69\" id=\"_ftn69\"><\/a>([69]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" id=\"_ftn70\"><\/a>([70]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645 (202) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2001\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" id=\"_ftn71\"><\/a>([71]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061b \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 49\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 2002\u0645: 12-13.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a([1]) \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-68"],"acf":[],"views":4358,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3372"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3510,"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372\/revisions\/3510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummacenter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}